Abeka 11th Grade Chemistry Test 3 (Nine Weeks Exam) Flashcards | Knowt (2024)

Electron

a negatively charged subatomic particle

HF

Name compound for hydrogen fluoride

CaCO3

Name compound for calcium carbonate

H2

Out these gasses which will diffuse fastest? (H2, CH4, + C3H8)

Density

The ratio of mass to volume

Pb

Atomic symbol of lead

Diffusion

Process that causes one substance to mix completely with another, such as dye mixing with water.

3H2 (g) + N2 (g) ---> 2NH3 (g)

Balance: H2 (g) + N2 (g) ---> NH3 (g)

2Al (s) + 6hcl (aq) ---> 2AlCl3 (aq) + 3H2

Balance: Al (s) + HCl (aq) ---> AlCl3 (aq) + H2 (g)

The volume decreases until it becomes 0 Kelvins

According to ideal gas laws, what happens when a gas is cooled to absolute zero at constant pressure?

Water freezing, Ice melting, and water evaporating

Name 3 types of physical properties

C5H7

Empirical formula of beta carotene

Open ended manometer

1,000

List an example of chemical change

Browning meat

Three fewer electrons than a neutral gold atom

How many electrons does Gold III have?

Gas molecules are in constant motion, undergo elastic collisions, are directly related to temperature, are far apart, and have a neglible attraction

List all 5 steps of the Assumption of the Kinetic Theory of Matter.

Significant figures

Rules of _________ _____________: *Zeros between digits (6,053) are significant *Zeros after a decimal are significant (8.9007) *Zeros at the beginning of a number are NOT significant (078) *Zeros at the end of a nondecimal number are NOT significant (31,990)

Avogadro's Law

States the molar volume of a gas is constant if equal volumes of gases at constant temperatures and pressures contain equal numbers of molecules.

Combination reaction

Name reaction: A + B ---> AB

Decomposition reaction

AB ---> A + B

Single displacement reaction

A + BC ---> B + AC

Double displacement reaction

Name reaction: AB + CD ---> AD + BC

CuCl2

name copper chloride as a compound

Nucleus

Central part of an atom

Accuracy

How close a measurement is to the exact value

Liquid state of matter

When particles have enough kinetic energy to move freely, but not enough to overcome their attraction for each other, what state is this?

Pressure

Amount of force exerted upon a surface per unit of area

Barometer

Instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure of the earth

-273.15 kelvins and 760 torr

Name the temperature that equals 0 Kelvins

10^-6 seconds

Microsecond

Hypothesizing

Step of the scientific method in which you develop an idea about how something works

Carbon 12

The isotope where the atomic mass unit is defined relative to

760 torr

The standard atmosphere equals what?

Atomic number

Number of protons in an atom

1 torr

What does one millimeter of mercury equal?

Quarks

Protons and neutrons are composed of even smaller particles called?

Avogadro's number

Link between the microscopic and macroscopic levels of chemistry

Si

Atomic symbol for Silicon

15 dm

1.5 m equals?

5.3 kg

5300 g equals?

Science of extracting metals from their ores and preparing them for use is known as

metallurgy

Substances that dissolve in water to produce ions that can conduct an electrical current

electrolytes

The effect of changes on equilibrium systems is described by what principle

Le Chatelier's

The study of reaction rates and pathways

chemical kinetics

activation energy

Minimum kinetic energy that a molecule must possess to undergo a chemical reaction is the

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction is a

catalyst

Most abundant element in the universe

hydrogen

Protium, deuterium and tritium are common names for what

hydrogen isotopes

Gas found in air that is necessary for the survival of humans and animals

Oxygen

Halogen used in dental hygiene and in the manufacture of refrigerants

florine

Extracted from petroleum and natural gas by the claus process

sulfur

Halogen used in the disinfection of drinking water and the synthesis of medicines, crop - protection chemicals, and pvc plastics.

chlorine

Noble gas used as a lifting gas in airships and weather balloons,

helium

Extracted from the air and used to make artificial fertilizers and explosives

nitrogen

Ozone is an allot rope of this element

oxygen

Exists in an unstable white allot rope and a more stable red allot rope; used to make matches and some fertilizers

phosphorus

Alkali metal found in lye, washi g soda, baking soda and table salt

sodium

Cheapest and most widely used metal, also the 2nd most abundant metal in the earth's crust

iron

Precious metal used in automotive and industrial catalysts

platinum

Metal most commonly refined by means of blast furnaces

iron

Metal used in electrical wiring and as a component of brass and bronze

copper

Lightweight metal widely used to make aircraft, spacecraft, and beverage cans; the most abundant metal in the earth's crust

aluminum

Most malleable and ductile metal known

gold

Most common semi metal; found in computer chips, glads, and sand

Silicon

Alkaline earth metal that helps compose limestone, slaked lime, and cement

calcium

Diluting reactant concentrations WOULD or WOULD NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction

would not

A solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible under equilibrium conditions is said to be?

saturated

True or false: A catalyst increases the reaction rate by lowering the reaction's activation energy.

true

solvent

In a solution of sodium chloride in water, water is the?

The flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution is called

osmosis

A mixture of 2 or more metals, usually melted together, is a(n)

alloy

If the temperature of a chemical reaction is increased from 20°C to 30°C, we would ordinarily expect the reaction rate to?

double

The theory that when 2 molecules collide and chemically react they form a short-lived activated complex before breaking apart to form the products is the ? theory.

transition state

The rate of a chemical reaction is usually measured as

The change in concentration of a substance over an amount of time

Rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal is called

equilibrium

A mixture containing tiny clumps or particles that remain suspended within the mixture and will not settle out is a/an

Colloids

What's the most abundant element in the universe and its isotopes?

hydrogen

What's used in dental hygiene

fluorine

What's the science of extracting metals from their ores and preparing them for use

metallurgy

what's the most malleable?

gold

substances being dissolved in solution

solute

whats on way to diffuse/semipermeate

osmosis

most abundant element

oxygen

most versatile elements(crop...)

chlorine

most commonly refined, blast furnace

iron

alloy with mercury for dentistry for teeth fillings

silver

substance that dissolves

solvent

colloids

mixture with tiny clumps or particles remain suspended

forms of the same element that differ in their properties but exist in the same physical state?

allotropy

noble gas is used for lighting gas

helium

mixture of two or more metals

alloy

most abundant element of metal

iron

how does increasing temp effect solubility of gas in a liquid?

decreases

2 parts of chem. kinematics

pathway and reaction rate

as a rule of thumb, by 10 degrees

increases

what alkali is found in baking soda

sodium

what states that a given temp the equilibrium of concentration of a dissolved gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas?

Henry's law

atmospheric oxygen and ozone

what are 2 allotropes of oxygen

what method is used to extract sulfur from petroleum and natural gas?

Claus Process

what semi-metal is found in glass and computer chips?

silicon

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